Have you ever tried to learn a new skill and felt frustrated by how hard it was? Maybe you wanted to learn to drive, speak a foreign language, or you've stepped into a leadership role.
You might have thought you just lacked talent or motivation, but the truth is you were probably going through a natural stage of learning called "unconscious incompetence".
Unconscious incompetence is the first of four stages in the learning cycle, according to a model developed by psychologist Noel Burch back in the 1970's - but it still makes a lot of sense today.
It means you don't know what you don't know. You are unaware of the skills or knowledge you need to master, and you may overestimate your abilities or underestimate the difficulty of the task. Like getting into a car for the first time and realising there are a million buttons, pedals, mirrors, and skills to avoid other drivers to master! This can lead to frustration, disappointment, or even giving up.
The good news is it doesn't have to be a permanent state. When you become aware of what you don't know, you can seek feedback and guidance and you move into "conscious incompetence". You realise driving is not as easy as it looks, but it is possible with effort and practice. Your mistakes turn into opportunities to improve, rather than failures and you start to learn.
The third stage is "conscious competence", which is when you can perform the skill or task with some degree of success, but you still need to think about it and pay attention. You may need to follow rules or instructions or rely on external cues. You are not yet fluent or confident, but you are making progress and achieving your goals. You are probably ready to take your driving test.
The final stage is "unconscious competence". This happens when you can perform the skill or task effortlessly and automatically. You don't need to think about it or particularly concentrate on it. You have internalised the knowledge and skills, and they become part of your intuition and habits. You can perform at a high level of proficiency and creativity. But beware complacency! We can still have accidents, even if we’ve been driving for years!
So, how can you help yourself get through unconscious incompetence?
- Remember it is normal and temporary. It is not a sign of lack of talent or intelligence, but a natural part of the learning process. Everyone goes through it at some point, and it is not something to be ashamed of or to avoid.
- Seek feedback and guidance from experts or peers. They can help you identify your strengths and weaknesses and point out the gaps in your knowledge or skills. They can also provide you with useful tips, resources, or strategies to improve your learning.
- Set realistic and specific goals for yourself. Don't expect to master a skill or task overnight or compare yourself to others who are more advanced than you. Instead, focus on your own progress and achievements, and celebrate your small wins along the way.
- Practice deliberately and consistently. Practice makes perfect, but not all practice is equal. You need to practice in a way that challenges you and pushes you out of your comfort zone. You also need to practice regularly and frequently, to reinforce your learning and prevent forgetting.
- Learn from your mistakes and failures. They are not something to be feared or avoided, but rather opportunities to learn and grow. Instead of being discouraged by them, analyse them and learn from them. What went wrong? What can you do better next time? How can you prevent them from happening again?
The learning cycle is not linear or fixed. You may go through different stages for different aspects of the same skill or task, or you may regress to a previous stage if you encounter new challenges or lose practice.
The important thing is to be aware of where you are in the cycle, and what you need to do to move forward.
Learning is a lifelong journey, and unconscious incompetence is just the beginning.